Home
Phonetics and Phonology

Pronunciation of Past Verbs Ending in "ed"

Class with Mason

Mastering the pronunciation of past-tense verbs ending in "-ed" is a critical skill for anyone learning English as a second language. The way "-ed" is pronounced depends on the sound that comes before it in the word, making it a unique aspect of English phonetics. This tutorial will guide you through the two key rules for pronouncing "-ed" endings and provide you with examples and audios to practice. By understanding these rules, learners can significantly enhance their spoken English clarity and sound more natural when communicating in past tense.

Rule 1: Voiced Sounds If the sound preceding the "ed" is voiced, the "ed" is pronounced as /d/:

Play the audio for these words and listen attentively. Practice by repeating each word and recording yourself. Then, review your recording to ensure your pronunciation aligns with the rules you’ve just learned.


  1. hummed
  2. clothed
  3. muddled
  4. dragged
  5. breathed
  6. cradled
  7. bobbed
  8. used
  9. survived
  10. planned
  11. listened
  12. declared
  13. transferred
  14. featured

Rule 2: Voiceless Sounds If the sound preceding the "ed" is voiceless, the "ed" is pronounced as /t/:

Play the audio for these words and listen attentively. Practice by repeating each word and recording yourself. Then, review your recording to ensure your pronunciation aligns with the rules you’ve just learned.


  1. kicked
  2. crashed
  3. pressed
  4. pumped
  5. cuffed
  6. fished
  7. tossed
  8. brushed
  9. splashed
  10. coughed
  11. washed
  12. pitched
  13. hopped
  14. rushed
  15. reached
  16. kissed
  17. packed
  18. laughed

Rule 3: Extra Syllable /ɪd/ If the sound preceding the "ed" is /t/ or /d/, the "ed" forms an extra syllable pronounced as /ɪd/:

Play the audio for these words and listen attentively. Practice by repeating each word and recording yourself. Then, review your recording to ensure your pronunciation aligns with the rules you’ve just learned.


  1. acted
  2. studied
  3. hunted
  4. decided
  5. painted
  6. headed
  7. started
  8. departed
  9. shouted
  10. pointed
  11. deserted
  12. knitted
  13. chatted
  14. mended
  15. landed
  16. applauded
  17. waded
  18. handed
  19. disbanded
  20. needed
  21. pleaded
  22. divided
  23. parted
  24. eroded

Example Sentences

Play the audio for these words and listen attentively. Practice by repeating each word and recording yourself. Then, review your recording to ensure your pronunciation aligns with the rules you’ve just learned.


  1. He hummed, planned, and declared his thoughts before he survived the storm.
  2. She kicked, tossed, and brushed the dust off before she packed her bags.
  3. The teacher listened, transferred, and used the feedback to improve the lesson, which featured interactive activities.
  4. They fished, splashed, and laughed loudly while they rushed to the shore.
  5. She dragged, cradled, and breathed deeply as she planned her next move.
  6. The player kicked, hopped, and rushed to the goal as the crowd cheered loudly.
  7. The team planned, declared, and cradled the trophy after they survived a tough match.
  8. He washed, brushed, and tossed his clothes before he rushed to catch the train.
  9. She listened, featured, and used the insights from the report before she declared her conclusions.
  10. They coughed, laughed, and splashed water as they planned their next camping trip.
  11. The musician hummed, breathed, and declared the lyrics as the crowd cheered.
  12. The chef cradled, tossed, and packed the ingredients while she planned the menu.
  13. The child washed, splashed, and brushed his hands after he laughed at a joke.
  14. The explorers dragged, used, and declared their findings as they planned their next expedition.
  15. He crashed, pitched, and rushed to clean up after he coughed from the dust.

Now, apply these pronunciation rules while reading aloud from any book of your choice. Remember, consistent practice with correct pronunciation is key to naturally adopting these patterns. To enhance your skills, explore additional practice sentences in the comments section below, or contribute your own sentences for other learners to practice and improve together.

Read these notes— and explore all the best notes on Class with Mason.

The author has made this story available exclusively to Class with Mason members. Upgrade now to instantly unlock this story along with other member-only benefits.
⭐Exclusive Access: Unlock member-only notes and resources on Class with Mason.
⭐ In-Depth Insights: Explore detailed articles addressing key topics and questions.
⭐ Personal Growth: Gain actionable knowledge to achieve your goals.
⭐ Support the Platform: Your upgrade helps keep this platform thriving.

Join the conversation

Join the conversation