Prefigurative politics is building a new society within the shell of the old by living out the values and social structures you desire for the future (1p.38p.7p.8). It represents a commitment to aligning the means of social change with its desired ends, arguing that the methods used to achieve transformation must mirror the ultimate goal(p.38p.45p.7-8).
dominationKey Elements:
- Inseparability of Means and Ends: As expressed in Holloway's analysis of "cracks," the focus is not just on opposing the existing system, but on creating alternative ways of "doing" that prefigure the desired future(p.45p38). For example, the Zapatistas' principle of "preguntando caminamos" (asking, we walk) embodies this idea of continuous learning and adaptation through practice(p.9).
- "Cracks" as Sites of Prefiguration: These "cracks" represent instances where the dominant logic of capitalism is disrupted, allowing for the emergence of alternative social relations and practices(p.38p.8). These can manifest as direct actions like downloading music in defiance of copyright laws, community-based resistance against capitalist development as seen in Atenco, or the creation of alternative institutions such as schools that reject mainstream models(p.38).
- The Personal is Political: This feminist principle acknowledges that personal actions and relationships are interwoven with broader social structures. Challenging oppressive power dynamics in everyday life, including cultural norms, language, and values, is crucial for achieving societal transformation (p.2p.3p.6-7).
Prefigurative Politics in Action:
- Historical Examples: The sources provide numerous examples of prefigurative politics in action. The anti-poll tax campaign in Britain involved a collective refusal to pay, effectively creating a world where the tax didn't exist (1). The Black Panther Party's combination of community programs and armed self-defense exemplifies the diversity of tactics employed by prefigurative movements (p.2-3).
- Focus on Organisational Structure: Debates within the First International, particularly between anarchist and Marxist factions, centred on the importance of prefigurative decision-making structures within mass organisations (p.16115). This emphasis on horizontal, participatory democracy reflects a desire for a future society organised along similar lines (1111).
- Cooperation Jackson is an organisation in Jackson, Mississippi, that aims to build a solidarity economy as a foundation for Black self-determination and broader social transformation. It is rooted in the Jackson-Kush Plan, a long-term vision for radical change developed by the New Afrikan People's Organization and the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement (1))
- Developing Powers: Participating in alternative social structures allows individuals to cultivate the skills, knowledge, and experience needed to build and sustain a new society. This experiential learning is essential for developing the competencies (powers) to challenge and dismantle existing systems of power. (p.2-31)
- Cultivating Drives: Experiencing the benefits of prefigurative practices can foster a desire for broader social change. This aligns with the idea that needs and desires (drives) are shaped by the social relations we participate in, meaning that prefigurative practices can cultivate a collective drive for a more just and equitable world(p.2-323).
- Transforming Consciousness: Engaging in prefigurative politics can shift individuals' values, beliefs, and understanding of what is possible. By experiencing alternative ways of being and relating to one another, individuals can develop a consciousness conducive to social transformation(111).
- Naiveté and Lack of Analysis: Critics argue that prefigurative politics can be overly focused on personal experiences and feelings at the expense of a rigorous understanding of structural power dynamics. This concern highlights the need for prefigurative movements to engage deeply with political theory and analysis to avoid becoming insular or ineffective.
- Insularity and Lack of Strategic Focus: Prefigurative politics can lead to small, isolated groups that prioritize their internal dynamics over broader societal struggles. The challenge lies in balancing the need for internal coherence and prefigurative practice with the imperative to connect with other movements and engage in strategic action to achieve wider social change .
- Divisiveness and Identity Politics: Some critics argue that prefigurative politics, especially when it focuses on identity, can fragment the left and hinder efforts towards unity and solidarity. This raises important questions about how to navigate differences and build alliances across diverse groups while remaining committed to prefigurative principles.
Justifications for Prefigurative Politics:
The sources outline several key arguments for why prefigurative politics is necessary for achieving lasting social change:
Navigating Critiques and Challenges:
It's crucial to acknowledge the critiques of prefigurative politics:
The sources and our conversation history highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of prefigurative politics. While it offers a powerful framework for enacting change, it is not a panacea for all social ills. By engaging thoughtfully with its principles, justifications, and critiques, activists and movements can leverage its potential to create a more just, equitable, and liberated world.
Source:
References
1. Holloway, John. Crack Capitalism. Pluto, 2010.
2. Bookchin, Murray. The Ecology of Freedom : The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy. Ak Press, 2005.
3. Raekstad, Paul, and Sofa Saio Gradin. Prefigurative Politics : Building Tomorrow Today. Cambridge, Uk ; Medford, Ma Polity Press, 2020.
4 .Akuno, Kali, and Matt Meyer. Jackson Rising Redux: Lessons on Building the Future in the Present. 2022.
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