The First Crusade (c. 1070 — 1100)
Historical Background Pope Urban II’s Call to Arms Council of Clermont (1095): In November 1095, Pope Urban II addressed the Council of Clermont, urging Western Christians to support the Byzantine Empire and reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Promises of Salvation: Urban II offered spiritual incentives, including indulgences (forgiveness of sins), which greatly motivated many Christians. The promise of salvation and a sacred pilgrimage drove numerous individuals to join the Crusade. Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos Appeal for Assistance: Faced with the growing threat of the Seljuk Turks, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sought help from the West, highlighting the weakened state of the Byzantine Empire and the urgent need for support. Diplomatic Outreach: Alexios sent envoys to Western Europe, stressing shared Christian values and the mutual threat from the Seljuk Turks. This diplomatic effort was crucial in garnering Western support for the Crusade. The Seljuk Turks Rise to Power…