During the Restoration period (1660-1700), John Dryden emerged as the preeminent poet, defining the era with his mastery of the heroic couplet and contributions to satire and doctrinal poetry.
Dryden's Influence and Style
Dryden's early poetry was influenced by the metaphysical school, characterized by conceits and exaggerations. However, he later emancipated himself from this style, adopting a clear and forceful manner that laid the foundation for the classical school of poetry in England.
Categories of Dryden's Poetry
- Political Satires: Notable works include Absolem and Achitophel, a scathing critique defending the monarchy against political adversaries, and The Medal, which also contains personal attacks on contemporaries.
- Doctrinal Poems: Dryden's Religio Laici defends Anglicanism, while The Hind and the Panther passionately advocates Catholicism, showcasing his skill in theological debate through verse.
- The Fables: Written later in his career, Dryden's fables like Palamon and Arcite draw from Chaucer and showcase his narrative prowess, blending storytelling with moral reflection.
Characteristics of Dryden's Poetry
Dryden's poetry embodies the formalism, intellectual precision, and argumentative skill characteristic of the Restoration period. It reflects a departure from the spiritual and moral depth of earlier eras, focusing instead on realism and directness in expression.
Legacy of John Dryden
Despite criticisms for not reaching poetic heights in moral and philosophical depth, Dryden remains revered for his mastery as a satirist and his skillful use of the heroic couplet, which became the standard for serious English poetry for many years.