English Language

Language Formality Processes

Word-Formation Processes Process Description Examples Neologisms Invented words that have no reference to existing words. ‘googol’ (a lexeme meaning ‘1 followed by 100 zeroes’) Blends Amalgamations of two free morphemes, combining parts of each original morpheme. spork (spoon + fork), podcast (iPod + broadcast) Initialisms Words formed from the initials of a sequence of words, pronounced as letters. ‘FBI’, ‘CD’, ‘USB’ Acronyms Words formed from initials of a sequence of words, pronounced as a whole word. ‘QANTAS’, ‘RAM’ Shortenings/Reductions Reduced forms of words used to save time or space, often informal. university > uni, telephone > phone Compounding Combining two free morphemes into one new word, with no part of either morpheme lost. carport (car + port), Facebook (Face + book) Conversion Creating a new word by changing the word class of an existing word. email (noun) > to email (verb), Google (noun) > to Google (verb) Contractions Standardised shortenings of two words, with an apostrophe rep…

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