Logical Inferences: Induction & Deduction
There are two types of logical inferences; induction and deduction. Inductive reasoning aims at developing a theory while deductive reasoning aims at testing an existing theory. 1. Inductive Reasoning a) From specific sample to the general principle - Generalisation 'My older brother is good at math. My friend's older brother is good at math. My neighbour's big brother is a math tutor. Therefore, all older brothers are good at math.' Rule: Greater the sample; the stronger the argument. b) Effect to Cause Modus Ponens: if p THEN q, p THEREFORE q [ Premises THEREFORE Conclusion= Argument] When it rains (cause) THEN the street gets wet (effect), the street is wet (effect), THEREFORE it must have rained (cause). Note: There can be other causes to specific effect, maybe they have washed the streets. Therefore inductive argument can be called a strong argument. 2. Deductive Reasoning a) From general principles to a specific conclusion For example, the inference from the premises &quo…
